Journal: Clinical and Experimental Immunology
Article Title: Patients with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor‐associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) are hypersensitive to Toll‐like receptor 9 stimulation
doi: 10.1111/cei.13306
Figure Lengend Snippet: Visual depiction of findings: the graphic represents elements of the common pathways active by both tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF‐R1) signalling and signalling through Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐9. Arrows indicate activation route of molecules in the pathways. Red arrows indicate those pathways which are found to be both more abundant and more activated as a result of the C33Y tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) mutation and also further stimulated by TLR‐9 ligation as ODN2006 as an artificial activator. Molecules depicted in grey were not studied.
Article Snippet: Following washing with PBA (PBS/1% BSA/0·05% NaN 3 ), the PBMCs were permeabilized using saponin buffer and stained for 2 h in the dark with anti‐human CD289 (TLR‐9) phycoerythrin (PE) or appropriate isotype controls (rat IgG2a PE) (e‐Bioscience/Thermo‐Fisher Scientific).
Techniques: Activation Assay, Mutagenesis, Ligation